RELATIVE CLAUSES (3) & CAUSATIVE "HAVE"

Apuntes del Jueves 13 de Mayo de 2010:

RELATIVE CLAUSES (3):

- WHOSE /hu:s/ Expresa posesión. Significa cuy@, cuy@s.
- WHOM: Funciona de pronombre relativo objeto no sujeto (personas)
- WHICH: Algo que no sea una persona, ejemplo:
That is the toy with which the boy was playing.

Here is the girl.I was talking to her yesterday.
Informal: Here is the girl who/that I was talking to yesterday.
Formal: Here is the girl to whom I was talking yesterday.


CAUSATIVE "HAVE":

HAVE IN THE APPROPIATE TENSE + OBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE OF THE MAIN VERB.

Form:
Have + object + past participle -- to have something done
Have + object + bare infinitive -- to have someone do something

Functions and examples:
1. We use causative have when arranging for someone to do something for us.
They repaired their car. -- they did it themselves
They had their car repaired. -- they arranged for someone to repair it
I cut my hair yesterday. -- I cut it myself
I had my hair cut yesterday. -- I went to the hairdresser


2. We also use causative have when someone does something to us.
Bill had his money stolen by a thief.


Important points
1. Get is possible instead of have, usually in informal spoken English.
I'm going to get my car fixed tomorrow.

2. We can also use to have someone do something to talk about giving instructions or orders -- more common in American English.
I had my assistant type the report.
I'll have my lawyer look into it.


I HAVE CUT MY HAIR: Se dice cuando te has cortado tú mismo el pelo.
I HAVE HAD MY HAIR CUT: Si vas a ir a una peluqueria.
I WILL HAVE THE CAR REPAIRED NEXT WEEK.
I WOULD HAVE MY FLAT PAINTED IF I HAVE ENOUGH MONEY.

RELATIVE CLAUSES

Apuntes de hace unas horas sólamente, corresponden al Martes 11 de Mayo de 2010.

- CHUNK: Trozo o pedazo
- A CHUNK IN THE LANGUAGE: Un par de lineas ( más o menos ), un trocito de párrafo.
- DUCHESS "dachches": Duquesa
- POINTLESS: Inútil
- LEAVE IT OUT: Omitirlo
- TO BEAR IN MIND: Tener en cuenta, tener en la mente

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RELATIVE CLAUSES:

Son frases subordinadas que tienen la misma función que un adjetivo.Como ya sabemos, los adjetivos dan información de un sustantivo.
Ej: A blond girl = Girl = Noun: Una chica rubia
Esta misma frase la pasamos a Relative Clause:

ORDEN: NOUN + RELATIVE CLAUSE (Inmediatamente después del nombre)

- A GIRL (WHO HAS BLONDE HAIR): La chica que tiene el pelo rubio.
* GIRL: Es el antecedente (Siempre tiene que ser un NOMBRE)
* WHO: Relative Pronoun
* (WHO HAS BLONDE HAIR): Relative Sentence: Da información de la chica a la vez que depende de ella: La chica que tiene el pelo rubio. ¿Quién tiene el pelo rubio? La chica.

Hay dos tipos de Relative Noun:
1- Animate being (un ser animado): USAMOS: THAT or WHO
También están dentro de éste grupo los dibujos, peliculas, seres vivos, animales etc.
- THE MAN (WHO) I MET YESTERDAY
* WHO: Object : Se puede omitir WHO, ambas frases estarian bien.
* I: Subject
* MET: Verb

- THE MAN WHO MET MY SISTER: El hombre que conoció a mi hermana.
* WHO: Subject
* MET: Verb

2- Inanimate being (ser inanimado): USAMOS: THAT, WHICH.
- I LIKE THE DRESS THAT/WHICH ANN IS WEARING
- HAVE YOU FINISHED THE WORK THAT/WHICH YOU HAD TO DO?


POSITION OF PREPOSITIONS IN RELATIVE CLAUSES:

- Are these the kays you were looking for?
- Unfortunately we couldn´t go to the wedding that/which we were invited to.
- I enjoy my job. I like the people who/that I work with.
- What´s the name of that hotel that/which you told me about?
- The party we went last night wasn´t very enjoyable.
- I didn´t get the job that/which I applied for.
- George is a good person to know.He´s somebody that/who you can rely on.
- Who was that man that/who I saw you with in the restaurant?
- Do you know the woman who Tom is talking to?


TENER EN CUENTA QUE:
* WHAT: Not a Relative Pronoun (CUIDADO!!! ) Ya que podemos confundirnos con la traducción de Español a Inglés:

- TODO LO QUE TE CONTÉ: Everthing that/Which I told you.
En éste ejemplo, TODO es el antecedente; por lo que sí que es una Relative Clause.

- DILE LO QUE TE PASÓ: Tell him what happened to you.
En español, éste ejemplo, no lleva antecedente; por lo que NO es una Relative Clause.